freezing food
freezing food
ECONOMIC APPRAISAL

While we might tend to use this chart for judging only cryogenic applications, we must remember that any bulk-freezing system which reduces exposure time will reduce evaporation losses.

Drip losses after thawing are also important in the overall economics. If a freezing system is available that will eliminate or reduce drip losses, it can be evaluated in figure 6 in the same manner as evaporation losses. The glazing of fish fillets seems to offer one way of minimizing evaporation losses. However, textural and other quality changes caused by a poor freezing method cannot be so modified.

Evaporation losses are important to the processor as they affect the quantity of product he sells. But there is no loss of nutrients. The buyer gets all of them. Drip losses are of no immediate concern to the processor. They are important, however, to the user. Only after the product is thawed do they appear. The method of thawing and cooking may help control drip losses, especially if cooking of a fish or meat product is begun before it thaws. If we look at these problems as a whole, without concern at any particular midpoint, what is important is the amount and quality of food, after preparation by the user, that is actually served.

Effect of Freezing Methods on Other Steps. Freezing in bulk, in contrast to freezing in packers, permits substantial changes in packaging and warehousing procedures. The essential feature is that packaging and labeling can be put off to the sales picture for the year becomes better defined.

Frozen peas, cut corn, green and lima beans, berries, cherries, diced fruit and vegetables, and other small uniformly sized products are stored in large bins with plastic liners. Packaging and labeling are done as needed. Double handling into and out of storage is involved, but the savings in other respects probably more than offset it. Dehydration loss in storage is claimed to be nil.

In recent years, a new storage method has developed. IQF fruits and vegetables are stored in bulk in large refrigerated silo-type rooms. Products are moved in and out pneumatically. Claims are made that storage capacity of such rooms is double that of conventional methods and less refrigeration is needed. Dehydration is at a minimum because no air circulates in the rooms. The savings for this type of storage are presumably substantial.

Application Unique to Freezing of Fish. Two factors of unique importance to seafoods are where the freezing is done and whether the product has been previously frozen. Many tons of fish are frozen aboard ships as they are caught. Most are frozen in bulk to be thawed and reprocessed later. It would seem questionable to use a costly instant freezing method in later processing if the fish had previously been frozen by a slower method. The quality differences between the instant and slow methods in the second freezing may well be minor, compared with differences attainable in freezing fish.

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